The following is the conclusion to “Reflections on Gandhi” by George Orwell, published in Partisan Review in 1949, reprinted from www.readprint.com [4]. The famous first phrase of the essay is, “Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent. . .”
I have never been able to feel much liking for Gandhi, but I do not feel sure that as a political thinker he was wrong in the main, nor do I believe that his life was a failure.
It is curious that when he was assassinated, many of his warmest admirers exclaimed sorrowfully that he had lived just long enough to see his life work in ruins, because India was engaged in a civil war which had always been foreseen as one of the byproducts of the transfer of power. But it was not in trying to smooth down Hindu-Moslem rivalry that Gandhi had spent his life. His main political objective, the peaceful ending of British rule, had after all been attained. . .
The British did get out of India without fighting, an event which very few observers indeed would have predicted until about a year before it happened. On the other hand, this was done by a Labour government, and it is certain that a Conservative government... would have acted differently. But if... there had grown up in Britain a large body of opinion sympathetic to Indian independence, how far was this due to Gandhi’s personal influence?
And if, as may happen, India and Britain finally settle down into a decent and friendly relationship, will this be partly because Gandhi, by keeping up his struggle obstinately and without hatred, disinfected the political air? That one even thinks of asking such questions indicates his stature.
One may feel, as I do, a sort of aesthetic distaste for Gandhi, one may reject the claims of sainthood made on his behalf (he never made any such claim himself...), one may also reject sainthood as an ideal and therefore feel that Gandhi’s basic aims were anti-human and reactionary: but regarded simply as a politician, and compared with the other leading political figures of our time, how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind!
Links:
[1] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/forward/228
[2] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/print/228
[3] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/authors/george-orwell
[4] http://www.readprint.com
[5] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/issue-368-september-2006
[6] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/geography/asia/south-central-asia/india
[7] http://www.peaceworkmagazine.org/category/3-working-peace-conflict-transformation-0
[8] http://www.afsc.org/store